August 26, 2003
SPAMフィルタ
SobigFウィルスの吐くSPAMが余りにも多く来るので、だいぶ前から懸案だったSPAMフィルタを設定しようと決意した。
ベイジアンフィルタ系の実装は最近すっかり流行中で、spamassasin なんかにも実装されているらしいが、今回は bsfilterを試してみることにした。
いや何でって、たんに Mew のインタフェースがあるから、ってだけの理由なんだけど・・・
インストールは簡単。Webページに書いてあるとおり。なにも補足なし。あ、bsfilter コマンドに PATH 通しておかないと、Mew インタフェースから操作したときに、見事にメール消してくれます。エラー処理、端折りすぎ・・・
(文句あるなら contrib しろよ>俺)
さて、この日のために溜めておいた SPAM データ一式と、適当な(not SPAMな)フォルダの中身を、お腹一杯フィルタに食わせて、ついでにここ数日の SobigF のメールも食わせて、フィルタの学習完了。
とりあえずフィルタの誤爆が怖いので、procmail で強制振り分けをせずに、しばらくは一通ずつ手動で振り分けてみることにした。bsfilter を設定している間にも、ふつーのMLに投稿されたメールや、怪しげなSPAMや、SobigF のメールなどが、たんまり inbox に溜まっていたので、さっそく試してみる。
ざっと30~40通くらい試してみた感じでは、普通のメールを SPAM と誤爆してしまうケースはなかった。まぁ、default の Paul Graham(A Plan for SPAMを書いたひと)のアルゴリズムでは、だいぶ not SPAM 側にバイアスがかかってることだし、こんなものかな。
あきらかに SPAM なメールを not SPAM と判断してしまうケースはいくつか。これはすかさず Mew の Summary Mode で bs して SPAM 学習させる。この調子で教育すれば、ボチボチよくなるかな。
問題は、今一番の悩みのはずの、SobigF メールが、うまく SPAM と認識されないこと。
よく考えてみると、「Subject: Re: Thank you!」のほかには、単語らしい単語がないワケで、text/* なパートを統計的に相手する一般的なベイジアンフィルタでは防御が難しい気がしてきた・・・
やる前に気がつけよ、って話もある。
というか、こういうウィルスの出すメールこそ、統計的手法でなく、ルールベースのほうが強いのか。なるほど、みんな Razor とかと組み合わせて使ってるのは、こういうことか。
これだけ SPAM が増えると、ルールベース+ヘッダ解析+統計的手法+ブラックリスト・ホワイトリスト管理を組み合わせた、効果の高い簡単な SPAM 撃退ソリューションを作れば、ビジネスになるかなぁ。でも MUA が自前で実装しちゃったら意味ないか。
まだしばらく SPAM との戦いは続きそうだ・・・
Posted by ryo at August 26, 2003 05:41 AM | TrackBack (88)いやあ。奇遇ですねえ。
僕もちょうどためしてるところですが,ぼちぼちうまく動いてますよ。
残念なことにSobigFは,まだ一通もきてないですけど。
ルールベースを追加するというのは効果的だと思います。
めんどくさがりやの技術者の観点でいうと,ルール自体を統計的に induction できると楽しいなあとか思いますね。
あとは,完璧な uni-gram ではなく phrase を発見しつつ統計量が求められると,もっと善戦できる気がします。
それから,text/* 以外の part に関しても活用できる気がします。
例えば,hash 値を求めて使ってあげるなどすれば,同じ種類の添付ファイルは防げそうです。
ただし,興亡の激しいものに関しては,最初の1通だけは学習のために必ず見逃してしまいますけど。
bsfilter は bigram だけど、形態素解析をしなくても、ここまでイケるとは嬉しいね。
添付ファイルの hash を求めたりして filter する方法は、いわゆるunti-virus software の仕事と似たようなもんかな。まぁ、メール添付なら既に Base64 されてるわけだから、十分長い n-gram で判断すればよいのかもしれんけど、計算量が大変か…
あとは filter(unti-virus的には pattern?)を、Razor や SPAMNet みたいな手法で filter rule を共有・自動更新できると幸せか。
ルールを統計的に処理する方法ってのは…ピンとこないなぁ。
SPAM の filter rule(例えば Header にこんな文字列が現れるよ、とか?)に統計的な傾向があるかどうかってこと?
それってメール本文を tokenize して統計的に処理するのと、有意に違うものかな?
bsfilter は日本語文字列からの単語の切り出しに bi-gram を使用している(することができる)けど,計算時に使用する統計量としては単語の uni-gram だけです。
たとえば "Thank" の後に "You" が来る確率は考慮していません。
例えば SobigF を考えてみると,Subject ヘッダに "Re" "Thank" "You" という連なりが現われる確率を求めれば,それが他のメールに比べて有意に高いことが示されるでしょう。
この場合,単語の 3-gram で確率を計算する必要があります。
# 僕はまだ受け取っていないので,なんですが ^^;
しかし一般に gram 数を増やすと,事象空間に比べて実際に起こる事象が少なくなり,確率行列が疎になるという問題が生じます。
そのあたりをどうやってごまかすかは考えてみると結構おもしろいかもしれません。
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